METALLURGY
Metallurgy is applied science whose purpose is the study of industrial operations leading to the preparation, treatment (physical and / or chemical) and production of metals and alloys.
ORIGINS
Overall, the metallurgical technique includes the following phrases:
obtaining a metal from its ore (ore);
metal refining or purification;
preparation of alloys;
mechanical, thermal or thermochemical for better use;
There are various types of metallurgical techniques, as the metal which is to benefit or process used. Thus, we distinguish the steel (iron, steel), the special metallurgy (copper, aluminum, zinc, lead, tin, etc.) Powder metallurgy and electrometallurgy.
METALLURGICAL FURNACES
can be electric furnaces (arc, resistance or induction) or fuel.
called in steel blast furnace which is used to reduce and transform iron ore into pig iron, molten metal contains between 2.6 and 4.3% carbon and varying amounts of manganese, sulfur and phosphorus.
In Martin-Siemens ovens, the gases from the combustion, before leaving through the chimney, travel through a chamber filled with refractory bricks, which give up their heat.
MAIN FIELDS
Gold: chemical element, yellow metal, the most ductile and malleable of all, very heavy, only attacked by chlorine and bromine and aqua regia. Its symbol is Au, atomic number 79 and atomic weight 196.96.
Copper: Element chemical, metal, reddish, stubborn, very ductile, malleable, and one of the best conductors of electricity, comes in many alloys (bronze and brass), found native, but more often combined in the form of oxides or sulfide minerals. Its symbol is Cu, atomic number 29 and atomic weight 63.546.
Silver: chemical element, noble metal very ductile and malleable, good conductor of heat and electricity, is alloyed with copper for making coins. Its symbol is Ag, atomic number 47 and atomic weight 107.8.
Iron: chemical element, metal ductile, malleable, very tough, magnetic and easily oxidized, forming different compounds that abounds in nature. Its symbol is Fe, atomic number 26 and atomic weight 55.84.
Aluminum: Chemical element, white metal, light, malleable and resistant to oxidation, is obtained from bauxite and is used for utensils, electric cables and pure or alloy for aircraft and automobile parts. Its symbol is Al, atomic number 13 and atomic weight 26.98.
COPPER METALLURGY
metallurgical treatment for obtaining copper ore depends on the source. If sulphide is used pyrometallurgy occurring in anode and cathode, or else can be oxides, here deals hydrometallurgy and cathodes are produced directly. Let the various processes: Copper
from minerals in the pure metal in its native state. These minerals processing and now scarce, it is very simple and should be addressed only in the separation of heavier metal, included in a lifeless mass in the form of grain or straw, by mechanical processes can separate the masses, previously crushed, according to their different densities.
from Copper-containing minerals as oxides. If the minerals are rich, can be profitable pyrometallurgical treatment, that takes place in a melting furnace with the addition of coal as a reductant.
-Pyrometallurgy:
The cathode production process pyrometallurgical is:
The cathode production process via hydrometallurgical best known for its nomenclature Anglo
Sx-Ew is:
Copper minerals from the containing and sulfur. In this case, a preliminary physicochemical flotation process allows the enrichment of the metal, separating the sulfur particles from the ore.
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